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OPERATION SINDOOR ||| ECONOMIC LOSSES OF PAKISTAN

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  OPERATION SINDOOR ECONOMIC LOSSES OF PAKISTAN SARASIJ MAJUMDER It will be difficult for Pakistan to come out of the loss it suffered in this 4-day KINETIC WAR, fought only in the airspace, involving Fighter Jets, Missiles, and DRONES as attacking weapons. Pakistan claims that J-10C jets, equipped with PL-15 missiles, were used in combat, and that they downed multiple Indian Rafale and other fighter jets. GOI has not accepted any loss of Fighter Jet. No image of Rafael lost is available. GOI is not declaring the HITS it inflicted upon Pakistan. Even then, I have pieced together the information and provided a picture. A. The expenses due to direct losses of HARDWARE may be divided into the following items: - 1.0 Fighter Jets: -- May be 10 Numbers. 4-F16 as a combat loss. 2 Nos. Mirage 2000 and 4 Nos. F16, possibly due to the hit it received when parked on the Air Bases. However, this figure could be more.   Pakistan's retired Air Marshal Masood Akhtar public...
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PAIKA REBELLION

 

PAIKA REBELLION

A LOST CHAPTER OF BRITISH INDIA

SARASIJ MAJUMDER

 


 On 24th December 2018, Prime Minister Narendra Modi released a commemorative stamp and coin on the PAIKA REBELLION.  Along with the stamp and coin, PM announced to set up a Chair on Paika Rebellion in Bhubaneshwar’s Utkal University. The Union Budget speech of 2017-18 mentioned about the commemoration of the 200 years of the Paika Rebellion.

The NCERT has decided to include Paika rebellion of Odisha of the early 19th century in Class VIII history textbooks. ( NEHRU CABALS KEPT IT  BURIED. ).

REASONS, AND DETAILS OF PAIKA REBELLION.

Paika Rebellion of 1817 is an armed revolt against the British Oppression (EIC), led by the Paikas of Khurda region in Orissa. The rebellion took form and shape under the leadership of Buxi Jagabandhu Vidyadhara.

“Paika” literally translates to warrior/ fighter in Odiya. “Paika Akhada”, their style of fighting can be traced back to ancient Kalinga and was patronized by king Kharavela. Paikas of Orissa were the landed militia who were involved in performing policing functions on behalf of  the Gajapati and other  rulers of Orissa. They also acted as warriors to help the king during wars. They were divided into:

1.     Praharis – Experts In Fighting With Swords.

2.     Banuas- Excellent Marksmen Using Matchlocks.

3.     Dhenkias- The Archers In The Battlefront.

The kingdom of Khurda ( now a prosperous Town with a Junction station in Howrah—Puri rail line)   had granted them rent-free land for the Police and Military services that they offered to the kingdom. They used to work as peasants in Peace Time, and assisted the tax collectors  of their ‘MASTERS’. Thus, Paikas were essentially the Peasant Militias of the Gajapati and other rulers of Orissa who rendered the military service to the king during the times of war while taking up cultivation during the times of peace.

In Bengal also—Landlords maintained an armed Militia consisting  “PAIKS”-& “BARKANDAZ” ( who used Matchlocks) and it is mentioned in various Bengali Novels, and Literatures of Nineteenth century.

The Paika Rebellion (Paika Bidroha) War Fought against British rule (EIC), in Orissa in 1817. Pre-dating what is Historically accepted  as the first war of independence of India against British Rule  in 1857, the Paika ‘Bidroha’ of 1817 in Orissa briefly shook the foundation of British rule in eastern part of India.

Till 1803, Orissa was under Maratha rule, however after the second Anglo-Maratha war, the Marathas were forced to cede most of the territory in Orissa to British East India Company. Establishment of British rule in Orissa was followed by a policy of repression against the  Paikas. Theyb were the threats to British, being Militia. They lost their traditional position in the society and their lands, which they enjoyed tax free.  In addition to losing their estates, the Paikas were also heavily exploited by the revenue collectors under the British Masters. Besides, many other activities of the British like the introduction of a new currency system, ban on making salt from seawater gave rise to widespread dissatisfaction and hatred against the British rule.

Paikas under the leadership of Bakshi Jagabandhu, the hereditary chief of militia army of the Gajapati King of  Khurda ( the then small kingdom near Puri), rose in rebellion in March 1817, taking support of tribals and another section of society. A strong group of 400 Khonds from Ghumusar marched to Khorda and declared their intentions to free Khorda and Ghumusar from the British rule. The group was joined by the Paikas of Khurda as well.

They  attacked British symbols of power, setting ablaze Police Stations, Administrative Offices and Treasury during their march towards Khurda Army Barrack.  Some of the Company officers, and men were killed. Britishers were initially forced to  back and then tried to regroup, got reinforcement from Calcutta, and regained lost ground but faced stiff resistance from the rebelling Paikas.

The revolt enjoyed a great level of support from the Kings of Nayagarh, Kujang, Kanika, Village Headmen, peasants and Zamindars. The rebellion quickly spread to Purl, Pipli Cuttack and other parts of Orissa. Initially, the Paikas seemed to have gotten hold of the battle and saw some victory, but was suppressed by the British in just three months. The Paikas retreated into the thick jungles of Orissa and carried out guerrilla war for several years.

The revolt was completely suppressed by 1819. Thereafter, it lasted sporadically for a year and a half before being ruthlessly suppressed by the British East India Company’s forces.

At the end, the Paika leader, Bakshi Jagabandhu surrendered to the British in 1825 and lived as a prisoner in Cuttack Jail till his death in 1829.

PAIKA REBELLION – EFFECTS & OUTCOME

The result of the Paika Rebellion was disheartening as most of  the people who were part of the rebellion got caught,  were awarded  death sentences or  long-term imprisonment.

A commission was appointed by the British officials to enquire into the cause of rebellion. There were severe uprisings after this Paika rebellion initiated by people from Kandha & Koi region. The major issue that prevailed post the Paika rebellion was the revenue policy which was very oppressive, and  didn’t undergo any change, even later.

The rebellion projected Lord Jagannath as the symbol of Odiya unity. Though this was a bloody rebellion prior to the famous Revolt of 1857 that challenged British Supremacy in India, it did not gain much popularity, and publicity. On the event of the 200th  anniversary of the rebellion, the descendants of families associated with the rebellion were recognized and felicitated by the Prime Minister.

 

REFERENCES:-

1.0  Paika Rebellion : Precursor To Freedom Struggle In India -- Prof (Dr.) Narayan Rao & Others.---- This is main source. The book is available in Flipkart.

2.0  https://www.telegraphindia.com/odisha/paika-revolt-in-ncert-book/cid/1394888

3.0  https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/paika-rebellion-to-be-included-as-case-study-in-history-textbook-minister/article37805249.ece

4.0  https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/paika-rebellion-to-be-included-as-case-study-in-history-textbook/

5.0  IMAGE:-- COMPILED BY BLOGGER.

 

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