SHAHPUR KANDI PROJECT

RAVI RIVER (INDIAN PART) IS ISOLATED

SARASIJ MAJUMDER

 


 

Shahpur Kandi Dam Project: TECHNICAL DATA

  • It is located on the Ravi River in Pathankot district, Punjab, downstream from the existing Ranjit Sagar Dam.
  • The water released by Ranjit Sagar Dam is utilized for generating power from this project. 
  • The main purpose behind the construction of this dam is power generation and irrigation in Punjab and J&K States.
  • It is constructed by the irrigation department of the Government of Punjab.
  • The project consists of a 55.5 m high concrete gravity dam, a 7.70 km long hydel channel, two head regulators, and two powerhouses.
  • The total output capacity of the project is 206 MW.

Key Facts about Ravi River:

  • It is a trans-boundary river of India and Pakistan.
  • It is one of the five tributaries of the Indus River that give the Punjab (meaning “Five Rivers”) its name.
  • Origin: It originates in the western Himalayas in the Multan tehsil of the Kangra district of Himachal Pradesh.
  • It then flows through the Indian state of Punjab and enters Pakistan, where it eventually joins the Chenab River in the province of Punjab.
  • Length: The total length of the Ravi River is approximately 720 kilometres(447 miles). Around 158 kilometres (98 miles) of the river's course lie in India, and the remaining 562 kilometres (349 miles) flow through Pakistan.
  • It is also called 'The River of Lahore' since that city is situated on its eastern bank.
  • Tributaries: The Ravi River is fed by several tributaries, including the Bhadal, the Ujh, the Tarnah, and the Basantar rivers in India, and the Aik, the Bara, and the Beas rivers in Pakistan.
  • Indus Water Treaty of Ravi River: The water of the rivers Ravi, Beas, and Sutlej is allocated to India under the Indus Water Treaty between India and Pakistan.

India has stopped the flow of water from the Ravi River (INDIAN PART) into Pakistan by building a dam that was waiting for completion for 45 years. India has exclusive rights to the water of Ravi under the 1960 Indus water treaty signed under the supervision of the World Bank. The Shahpur Kandi barrage -- located in Punjab's Pathankot district -- was held up by a domestic dispute between Jammu and Kashmir and Punjab. But that led to substantial chunk of water that belongs to India, going to Pakistan all these years.

INDUS WATER TREATY

  • Under the Indus water treaty, India has full rights over the water of Ravi, Sutlej and Beas, while Pakistan has rights over the water of Indus, Jhelum and Chenab. In 1979, Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir governments signed an agreement to build Ranjit Sagar Dam and downstream Shahpur Kandi barrage to stop water to Pakistan.
  • The agreement was signed by Sheikh Mohammad Abdullah, then chief minister of Jammu and Kashmir and his Punjab counterpart Parkash Singh Badal. In 1982, former Prime Minister Indira Gandhi laid foundation for the project, which was expected to be completed by 1998.

CONSTRUCTION BOTTLENECK, & BENIFIT

  • While construction of Ranjit Sagar Dam was completed in 2001, Shahpur Kandi barrage couldn't materialise and water from Ravi River continued flow into Pakistan. In 2008, Shahpur Kandi project was declared national project but construction work started in 2013. Ironically, the project was again stalled due to disputes between Punjab and J&K in 2014. Finally in 2018, the Centre mediated and brokered an agreement between the two states. The work, which started soon after, is finally over. The water which was going to Pakistan will now be used to irrigate two key districts of Jammu and Kashmir -- Kathua and Samba. 1150 cusecs of water will now irrigate 32,000 hectares of land in the Union Territory.
  • Jammu and Kashmir will also be able to get 20 per cent of the hydel power generated from dam. The 55.5 meters high Shahpur Kandi Dam is part of a multi-purpose river valley project that includes two hydel power projects with a total installed capacity of 206 MW. It is built on river Ravi, 11 km downstream of Ranjit Sagar Dam Project. Besides Jammu and Kashmir, the waters from the dam will also help Punjab and Rajasthan.

References and further reading:

1.0 https://vajiramias.com/

2.0 https://m.economictimes.com/news/india/india-completely-stops-ravi-river-water-flow-to-pakistan-historical-context-and-significance/articleshow/107980936.cms

3.0 http://irrigation.punjab.gov.in/en/shahpurkandi-dam-construction

 

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