DIGITAL RUPEE: DREAM OF RBI

SARASIJ MAJUMDER

Governments have various motivations for exploring CBDCs. One significant reason is the modernization of payment systems. Traditional cash transactions are giving way to digital alternatives, and CBDCs offer a secure and efficient means for central banks to oversee these transactions, thereby reducing reliance on physical cash.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of digital finance, governments and central banks are actively exploring the potential of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs).
CBDCs are digital representations of a nation's fiat currency and are issued and regulated by the central bank. Unlike decentralized crypto assets like Bitcoin, CBDCs are under the direct control of the issuing authority. This allows them to maintain their role in monetary policy, currency stability, and financial regulation.
Governments have various motivations for exploring CBDCs. One significant reason is the modernization of payment systems. Traditional cash transactions are giving way to digital alternatives, and CBDCs offer a secure and efficient means for central banks to oversee these transactions, thereby reducing reliance on physical cash.

Distinguishing CBDCs from Bitcoin or
While both CBDCs and Bitcoins are digital and utilize blockchain technology, they have distinct differences. CBDCs operate on authorized, private blockchains, whereas Bitcoin operates on a permissionless, public Blockchain.

CBDCs are centralized and regulated by the issuing central bank, ensuring control over monetary policy and regulatory compliance. In contrast, Bitcoin is a decentralized crypto asset that offers transactional privacy and is superior in terms of financial inclusion. Furthermore, the finite supply of 21 million Bitcoins could serve as a hedge against inflation, unlike CBDCs which can be digitally created as needed.

SC Garg Committee recommendations (2019) shall be modified (  BOLD ITALICS ) as follows:

1. Ban anybody who mines, hold, transact or deal with cryptocurrencies BITCOIN in any other form.
2. It recommend a jail term of one to 10 years for exchange or trading in digital currency  BITCOIN.
3. It proposed a monetary penalty of up to three times the loss caused to the exchequer or gains made by the cryptocurrency  BITCOIN, user whichever is higher. However, it's essential to note that assets like Bitcoin and CBDCs are fundamentally opposites in design and shouldn't be confused or grouped together.
   
   

However, it's essential to note that assets like Bitcoin and CBDCs are fundamentally opposites in design and shouldn't be confused or grouped together.

What is the status of CBDCs globally?

2023 has witnessed a surge in CBDC popularity. Reportedly, 109 countries are now actively exploring or engaging with them in various stages of development.

In India, the RBI launched a pilot for the retail CBDC (e-Rupee) last December. Currently, around 5,000-10,000 transactions are processed daily. The government aims to use the digital rupee to provide a secure and efficient payment method, reduce dependence on cash, and targets achieving 1 million CBDC transactions per day by year's end.
Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) represent a significant evolution in the financial world, driven by the need to modernize payment systems and enhance financial inclusion.
As governments and central banks adopt efficient, resilient, and inclusive digital solutions, CBDCs indeed present a strong use case.

Challenges in  National Digital Currency:

1. Potential cybersecurity threat.
2. Lack of digital literacy of population.
3. Introduction of digital currency also creates various associated challenges in regulation, tracking investment and purchase, taxing individuals, etc.
4. Threat to Privacy: The digital currency must collect certain basic information of an individual so that the person can prove that he’s the holder of that digital currency.

 

Refereces:-- Economic Times, Financial Times, Mint.