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INDUS WATER TREATY: A REVIEW ‘Blood and Water Cannot Flow Together‘By Prime Minister Narendra Modi.

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  INDUS WATER TREATY: A REVIEW ‘Blood and  Water Cannot Flow Together ‘ By Prime Minister Narendra Modi. SARASIJ MAJUMDER The Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) is the lifeline treaty for Pakistan, and if water is not made available to Pakistan by this TREATY, Pakistan will become a REGISTAN. This treaty is 65 years old, and water to Pakistan was not stopped by India for a day, even when India—Pakistan fought 5 Wars, including three major ones. In 1960, India and Pakistan signed this treaty, with the World Bank playing some role. This treaty regulates the use and administration of the waters of six rivers in the Indus River Basin—essential lifelines for agriculture, drinking water, and hydroelectricity for Pakistan, primarily, and also for the North-West part (Punjab, Kashmir, and Ladakh) of INDIA.            ` Major Events in the Indus Waters Treaty Timeline are listed below. 1947 Partition and Water Dispute: The 1947 parti...

 

DURAND LINE

PAKISTAN & AFGHANISTAN

ANOTHER GEO-POLITICAL PROBLEM

SARASIJ MAJUMDER

Do you see this brownish area between Pakistan and Afghanistan? This brown area is spread across both Pakistan and Afghanistan. This area is of the Pashtuns. Most of the Pashtun people live in this area. And the Durand Line is passing through this brown area.

The Durand Line is Afghanistan’s and Pakistan’s 2,640-kilometer (1,640-mile) boundary. It is the consequence of an agreement between Sir Mortimer Durand, a British Indian government secretary, and Abdur Rahman Khan, Afghanistan’s the then Emir, or ruler. On November 12, 1893, in Kabul, Afghanistan, the agreement was signed.

The Durand Line has been the formal border between the two countries for almost a century, yet it has caused controversy today among the people who live there.

The British India thought that Tsarist Russia can any day take over Afghanistan. This line was to stop Russia at Afghanistan. Most historians agree that the border was set to keep vital areas like the Khyber Pass on the British Empire’s side. Experts say Durand had insufficient knowledge of the region’s ethnicity and topography, and hence divided traditional Pashtun tribal territories in error.

Pakistan was still a part of India when the Durand Line was established in 1893. India was in turn controlled by the United Kingdom.  QUEEN of  The United Kingdom ruled India from 1857 until India’s independence in 1947. Pakistan also became a nation in 1947.

Today Afghanistan does not accept this Durand Line. But Pakistan accepts this Durand Line. Pakistan believes that this Durand Line is the real border but Taliban believes that this is not the real border. This means that Taliban considers Quetta and Peshawar of Pakistan belongs to AFGHANISTAN.

This is the root of the controversy.

This dispute between two MUSLIM  countries is also a gift from the British.

At present, the situation is such that the Taliban wants to capture Quetta and Peshawar of Pakistan as well, that is why these two countries kept fighting with each other since Taliban took control of Afghanistan.  It was not a war. Small fights kept going on. There is  peace for a few months in between fights.

Tension has increased on the Durand Line ever since the Taliban took over Kabul. As long as the USA was in Afghanistan, there was FORCED peace between Afghanistan and Pakistan. As soon as the USA left Afghanistan, the border dispute between Afghanistan and Pakistan got reignited.

BRITISHERS HAS MESSED UP OUR REGION IN ABOUT 200 YEARS THEY RULED THE REGION.

REFERENCE: 

1.0 https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/durand-line-friction-point-between-afghanistan-pakistan-7485631/

2.0 https://www.civilsdaily.com/news/what-is-durand-line/

Image: GOOGLE

 

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